Case discssion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case discssion - Essay Example By taking into concern the above discussed aspects, the statement "Begum and Playfoot show that the law is based on fair procedures and tests that respects human rights and justly determine the way in which people of different (and no) faith interrelate with each other in school environments† would be discussed. It would be vital to mention that R (Begum) v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School and R (Playfoot) v Millais School Governing Body are two separate cases relating to equality and human right that would be analysed for discussing the above statement. The case of Begum can be apparently observed to examine the phenomenon of expressing religious belief through the selection of specific dresses or outfits. In this similar concern, Begum desired to wear a conservatively styled garment, referred as ‘jilbab’ in the school, which was however disapproved by the school management. Shabina Begum was a student at Denbigh High School in a secondary school in her comunity. The school provided shalwar kameeze specifically for the Muslim girls as school uniform. The disapproval of the school in wearing ‘jilbab’ and its refusal to permit Ms. Begum for attending school unless she wore the proper school uniform, eventually became a ground to bring the lawsuit against the school authority. According to Ms. Begum, she was forced to sue the school arguing that her liberty towards manifesting her ‘religion or belief’ and right to education, as was assured under the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundame ntal Freedoms 1950 (ECHR) and the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), were infringed (Butcher, 2011). Notably, the right of an individual towards their conscience, thought and religion is fundamentally assured by Article 9 of the ECHR. This also encompasses the liberty of manifesting one specific

Poverty reduction in Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Poverty reduction in Brazil - Essay Example It is essential to adopt development strategy in order to achieve global prosperity, freedom, dignity, peace and equity along with sustaining progress already achieved. In order to carry out the study Bolsa Familia program, an initiative to combat poverty has been selected as the case. This case has been chosen for the further study as it is the major social program in the Social Protection System in Brazil. Moreover, Brazil has been selected as the country in concern for the study because Brazil by the end of the first decade of 21st century has emerged as one of the rapidly growing economies in the world. Moreover, Brazil has over the years engaged in conducting researches on poverty and inequality, thus there has been certain prominent changes witnessed by the country in the last decade that have drawn significant attention (Soares, Ribas and Osorio, â€Å"Evaluating the Impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Familia: Cash Transfer Programs in Comparative Perspective †). (ii) THES IS STATEMENT The local adoption of the Bolsa Familia program failed to promote the desired outcome. ... offers monthly transfer to poor families with children to extent of 15 years of age and/or pregnant woman as well as the program provides monthly transfer to extremely poor households irrespective of their composition. The Bolsa Familia program was launched on October 2003 by the government of President Lula da Silva under the Provisory Rule n.132 which was transformed in the law n. 10.836 in January 2004. The program is primarily a unified form of four major programs including Bolsa Escola, related with minimum income grant for primary education; Fome Zero and Bolsa Alimentacao, two major income subsidies associated with food security; and Vale Gas, a grant to help poor families buy cooking gas. The primary reason behind the implementation of the program was to achieve the objectives towards effectively combating hunger, poverty and inequalities through monetary transfer related with meeting the basic needs of household comprising health, education, food security and social aid. The program also aimed at promoting social inclusion for emancipation of the beneficiary household by assisting them to overcome vulnerable situations in which they are living (Soares, Ribas and Osorio, â€Å"Evaluating the Impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Familia: Cash Transfer Programmes in Comparative Perspective†). The program is implemented in a decentralized manner in almost all the Brazilian Municipalities. It implements unverified method of testing that is conducted at the municipal level to select its beneficiaries. The program is firmly directed towards poor and indigent families who have per-capita income R$ 60 (US$ 33) and R$120 (US$66) (Souza, â€Å"Poverty, Inequality and Social Policies In Brazil, 1995-2009†). Correspondingly, those households with per-capita income of R$ 60 (US$ 33)