Telecommunications Law and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telecommunications Law and Policy - Essay Example This has created issues of KableCom potentially running out of bandwidth available for customers, resulting in outages and delays. KableCom should now introduce the â€Å"Unlimited Stream Plan.†   Under this Plan, customers will be able to choose three streaming cloud apps from a short list of approved sites that have paid KableCom for the opportunity to participate. Customers will be permitted unlimited streaming on the three sites they select without accruing data charges. It is, therefore, necessary for KableCom to implement data caps and migrate from unlimited data plans to data-use pricing model, however, many plans shall still have unlimited talk and texts. With a, Internet as down from 4G to 2G (throttling) are on their download (2 GB per). One data is speed - 4G data are significantly than 3G users through a short interval. One potential solution under consideration by KableCom is allowing content providers or app developers to pay carriers so that their services do not count against a customer’s monthly data limit and essentially buying traffic for their content. However, the Internet is designed for all content and services to be treated equally. Because this solution would give KableCom an unfair advantage over its clients, at some point it should be viewed as net neutrality issue. Data-use pricing model shall monitor data usage and make sure customers stay under their data cap. The provision different tariffs model enable customer decide whether they need to consider upgrading to a higher plan or if usage is typical. Using the current app store KableCom should provide free apps that gives options for ones total usage for the current period or a help site for to customers see where they using the most data bundles. Other useful tools to be provided free of charge to KableCom’s customers is third-party apps designed to help them monitor their bandwidth usage. One such app is Onavo Extend; it gives one a breakdown of

Applying theory of career construction to case study

Applying theory of career construction to case study The purpose of this case study is to apply Savickas Theory of Career Construction to a volunteer client Karen. Complete a narrative interview using the structured interview questions in the Career Style Interview, and employing the six steps. Discuss interpretations, observations and obtain her feedback. Theoretical foundation of Career Construction Theory The theoretical foundation of Career Construction theory (CCT) has its beginnings from Constructivism, and according to Sharf (2009) Constructivism is a psychological approach that has developed out of a postmodern philosophical position. It has been stated the Postmodernism period was a reaction to modernism, in that it highlighted the differences in individual views rather than a one-sided, rational scientific view of modernism. (Sharf 2009) Constructivist saw individuals as creators of their own destiny, and constructivist counselors sought to help clients discover that meaning and resolve any discrepancy. (Sharf 2009) According to (Sharf 2009, p316) the constructivism approach was greatly affected by the changing of the work environments in the 1970s. Employees were no longer staying with one position for their whole work life, as companies were becoming less loyal to employees and watching out for own bottom-line by downsizing their workforce to part-time. Employees soon discovered they needed to take charge of their future and looked to career counselors for help. According to (Busacca, 2007) constructivist career counseling attempts to answer one question how can an individual negotiate a lifetime job changes and not lose a sense of self? Career construction theory (CCT) came about to help individuals develop meaning out of their career choices and actions. CCT addresses how an individuals career, is made from its personal and social constructs or interactions. These constructs are not actual real reality, but an individuals representation of that reality. CCT defines career as an objective and subjective construct. Objectively speaking, career is a listing of positions from the past to present. Subjectively, career is the personal meaning or a pattern of experiences from past, present and future. (Savickas, 2005, p43) CCT is made of three distinct perspectives and each seeks to determine how the individual views their life and career, and how they work together. (Busacca, 2007) These perspectives are life theme, career adaptability, and vocational personality. The Purpose and the Suppositions The purpose of CCT is to help the individual discover the subjective meaning in their work. In helping the individual discover this type of meaning, CCT stress the importance of the relationship between the individual and the counselor. Life themes In Hollands career development theory, his inventories were used to obtain critical information about the individual, and make predictions about a career path, and also the likely hood of success along this path. Career construction theory takes advantage of the individuals narrated work stories to discover any meanings or patterns. (Busacca, 2007) It has been stated that pattern is the primary unit of meaning. By consciously organizing and binding together these discrete experiences, a unifying life theme patterns (Savickas 2005, p 58) patterns becomes a fundamental and essential way of being because it provides a way for individuals to see themselves and see what is important in the world. (Savickas, 2005 p58) During a counseling session the individual is encouraged to tell about their work positions, experiences. They are also asked to develop a story linking career related experiences from the past to the present. The story becomes the focus of attention as individual narrates the counselor through their work and life stories. The counselor plays a less active role and listens for patterns in the individuals story. (Busacca, 2007) Career Adaptability Once an individual has discovered a life theme, how they go about coping with the process of connecting with social expectations and how they construct their careers is the next step. (Savickas, 2005) Career counselors begin to ask questions of the individual such as How did you decide on that career? This is an important question to ask, because it relates to how the individual is choosing to cope or react to their social expectations. (Savickas 2005) stated adaptation was the interaction of self and society and it is this interaction where an individual develops their attitudes, beliefs, problem-solving and coping mechanisms. He went on to discuss four stages of adaptation resources. These resources are concern, control, curiosity and confidence. (Savickas, 2005) During the career concern stage, a career counselor focuses on whether an individual is concern about their future. A statement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be Do I have a future. A lack of career concern has a likelihood of becoming indifference which usually reflects a feeling of pessimism about the future. Career concern is important because it helps the individual to relate their current activities to future endeavors. The goal of this stage is the building of continuity of past and future career activities. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The career control stage, a career counselor focuses on whether the individual feels or believes they are responsible for their careers. A statement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be Who owns my future? The lack of career control has a likelihood of becoming career indecisiveness and can lead to attitudes of indecision. The goal of this stage is deciding by clarifying choices. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The career curiosity stage, a career counselor focuses on whether the individual has discovered fit between self and the world of work. A statement commonly made by individuals in this stage would be What do I want to do with my future? The lack of career curiosity has the likelihood of becoming naÃÆ'Â ¯ve about work options. The goal of this stage is exploration, learning about self and clarifying values. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The career confidence stage, a career counselor would focuses on whether the individual displayed self esteem, self efficacy and encouragement. A statement commonly made by an individual in this stage would be Can I do it? A lack of career confidence has a likelihood of becoming unmotivated and unwilling to obtain their goals. The goal of this stage is to increase self acceptance, develop problem solving abilities and encourage the willingness to try even when things look dark. (Busacca, 2007) (Savickas, 2005) Vocational Personality According to (Savickas, 2005) an individuals personality begins in the family, neighborhoods, and school. As that individual grows up, their characteristics are displayed everyday while doing housework, completing hobbies and playing games. CCT views these characteristics possibilities or hypothesis to explore for the discovering meaning. Unlike Hollands RAISEC which use an objective person-environment fit, CCT uses a subjective approach in demonstrating to the individual how they are similar to others in a given field, and share common feelings and ideas about work related activities. Account of Session with Karen Career Style Interview with Karen Karen is 46 year old divorced African American women with three adult children. She attended Central Florida College and has received her Associates in Health information management. She is currently attending classes at University of Phoenix, and is enrolled in the Healthcare Administration program. Karen started her employment at a nursing home at the age of 18. At the nursing home she held the position for Nurses Aide for four years. Karen says after that four years she demonstrated to the management team the characteristics of commitment and dedication. Karen was promoted to unit clerk at the nursing home. She held that position for two years and was again promoted to medical record where she held the title of medical records specialist for five years. Karen reports she was then laid off from the nursing home for four months. She kept her faith and was able to secure a position as a receptionist at a law firm. She kept that position for 6 months and obtained a position a major ho spital in the medical records department. She worked in that department for next nine years. Once again she was promoted, now to Compliance officer, where she helped enforce the policies and procedures of the hospital. After one year she was asked by hospital administration to manage the medical records department and is currently the director of medical records. The Career Style Interview is currently being used to elicit self defining stories and identify Karens life themes and patterns. How can I as a counselor be helpful to you in constructing your career? When asked how career counseling could be helpful, Karen replied Ive been told I need to look into changing fields from healthcare to business administration. So If I needed to use the services of a career counselor, it would be to help me map out a plan to switch me to the business program. Whom did you admire when you were growing up? Karen replied when she was growing up she admired her sister Vernice. Vernice display strong character and tenacity to get through hard times. Karen connected with this aspect because she often wanted or need the strength to go on despite many adversities in her own life. Karen admired her mother next. Her mother has been ridiculed with numerous health issues and her mother kept her faith in God and fought back when others had given up on her. She next admired Michelle Obama for her sincerity and her down to earth presentation. She state, when Michelle speaks I can believe it, because I know she is speaking from the heart. Describe your favorite magazine, book, and TV show. Karen states her favorite magazine is Essence magazine. She states, the magazine affects the culture of African American and is very informative. She mentions her favorite book is F. and her favorite TV show is Little house on the prairie. She says, I love that show because its Christian based and it country, and I love the county. What are your favorite hobbies and leisure time activities? Karen states her favorite hobby is bowling. She replies, I like bowling because it can be done by yourself or with a group. You can be competitive or just relaxing. Do you have any favorite mottos? Karen states her favorite motto is you can do all things through Christ that strengths you. What are your favorite and worse subjects in high school? Karen states her favorite subject is high school was creative writing, history. I love to writing and telling a story and being the center of attention. What career did you parents want you to follow? When asked what career did you parents believe you would be well suited for she replied, My parents wanted me to be a medical doctor. Describe for me four early recollections and give a story title for each one. Summertime in the Country; we did have a TV and when we got done working in the fields, we would go down to the creek. The creek is where everyone would be and we would eat watermelons until we were fat. New adventures at the beach: one summer when I was eighteen, a group of three boys and two girls went to the beach to go horseback riding. I was scared at first, because the horse didnt have a saddle on it. Bring life unto the world; I remember the birth of my first child, who is dead now. I he was still alive today he would be twenty-five. I love him and I enjoy having the bundle of joy in my arms. The obedience to God: when I was eighteen, I gave a speech to the people at the church. Back then I was good at speaking. I spoke with such a demanding tone everyone in the church stopped and listen. To this day that was one of the best speeches I ever gave. Karens Vocational Personality, Career Adaptability and Life Theme Using (Savikas, 2005, p62) six steps I first make sense out of Karens stories by reviewing how career counseling can be helpful. In response to my introductory question How can I be helpful to you in constructing you career? Karen stated she wanted to be more organize, structured and have a action-oriented goal plan. Karen recognized she is not getting as much done as she would like to be. She also recognizes that structure gives her the strength to be methodical, which is one of the characteristics her role model Matlock displayed. She is attempting to exert some career concern and control over her future. Karen mentions organized and action-oriented goal plan and these three terms reflect on Karens level of adaptability. By seeking organization and action oriented goal plans, she is directly providing answers the question Do I have a future (career concern), Who own my future (career control) and Can I do it (career confidence) Second, I look for the verbs in her early recollection. Third, Examining headlines to early recollections Fourth, moving from Preoccupation to Occupation Observations of Karen Counseling Session with Karen

Saving Private Ryan - Captain Miller Displays the Five Types of Power E

Saving Private Ryan - Captain Miller Displays the Five Types of Power Many people in this world have power and influence. Yet, there are few who have the traits needed to be an incredible leader. These people who are positive leaders tend to leave strong impressions in our minds for years or maybe even a lifetime. In choosing a movie with a character that portrayed a strong sense of power and influence, and possessed the traits of a good leader, I remembered a character that left an admirable impression in my mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saving Private Ryan is a perfect example of a movie with all of the elements of powerful and influential leaders. Specifically, Tom Hanks who plays Captain John Miller is a strong willed individual with a commitment to his country. He leads his troop through battlefields and dangerous predicaments during World War II. It is his knowledge of combating the enemy, which leads him into a precarious situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captain Miller is assigned the difficult task of finding Private Ryan who is missing along with most of his troop, which was divided after an attack. The reason for the mission is because Private Ryan’s three brothers had just died in the war. Private Ryan is to be sent home immediately. The rest of the events that unfold entail tragedies and accomplishments that lead to Captain Miller’s final command.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking back at how Captain Miller was a powerful leader throughout the movie is evident in most everything that he does. He was a legitimate Captain with much training in his position as an authoritative figure. With every command that he gives, he exerts his power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to French and Raven (1960), there are five types of power. They are reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. It is easy to apply each one of these types of power to Captain Miller and his approach to leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first type of power, reward power, is the potential of an organization or member in a specified role to offer positive incentives for good behavior. In an organization these incentives may include bonuses, vacations, or promotions. The incentives may vary from one member of a role to another. Captain Miller may have exerted reward power by giving his soldiers easier work when they behaved properly. Another way that he may have used this power is by allowing them to take breaks when they should have kept go... ...e stable emotions, and is less defensive. He did not get caught up in what was actually happening too often. Whenever a time like this came about, he stopped to gather himself so that he could be a good leader for the rest of the troop. When a person’s behavior is consistent with expressed values and that person is honest and trustworthy, they are said to have integrity. Captain Miller was completely honest with his men. He was also someone who could be trusted. At one point in the movie, one of the soldiers told the Captain a very personal story about their life. Since he was a good leader, he listened and gave the soldier advice on the subject. One of the most important traits that Captain Miller had was his intellect. He was smarter than the average person was. He came up with brilliant ideas to stop the enemy. His troop listened to him and obeyed him because they knew that he was knowledgeable in what he was talking about. Captain Miller was a powerful and influential leader. He led his men through some of the hardest times of the war. Not only did he display the five types of power, he showed that he had all of the traits necessary to be an extraordinary leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Cild psycology

According to social learning theorists what Is the major way In which moral behaviors are learnt. Social learning theory posits that learning Is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction,even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement and on addition to the observation of behavior is governed solely by reinforcements by placing emphasis on the important roles of various internal processes In the learning individual. Q)according to psychoanalytic theory what Is the critical event in the development of morality. He summonsing of the doodles complex the child will have to realize that Insets(love for the opposite sex parent)l's forbidden and that is just the beginning now the child will also have to internals parental authority. Q)stealing-for a creditable motive-for selfish gain lying-an obvious exaggeration that no-one would be deceived by-intentional and convincing lie that does deceive an adult. Lying-an honest mistake whose uniqueness unfavorable affect an adult-a deliberate lie which, by chances does not cause any real Inconvenience.Q)place each of the 6 statements a-f under appropriate heading of heterogamous morality and autonomous morality. Heterogamous morality *lies to adults were worse than lies to children. *took little notice of intention. *made little differentiation between lies to adults and lies to peers. Autonomous morality *took Intention into account. *lying is wrong in itself. *lies are wrong because you get punished for them. Q)LA-pre-moral or presentational morality -childrearing rules to avoid punishment and conform to obtain rewards and favors returned and children follow rules when it is In their best interest.Q-conventional morality-children conform to avoid disapproval and dislike by others they also have respect for authority and a desire to avoid disapproval,the children value trust, loyalty,respect and gratitude. B-post-conventional-child ren conform to democratically accept the law and also to avoid self-condemnation,they are aware that there are different views ND values and are relative,when there are differences between law and conscience,conscience over rules in the final stage shows the development of the individual conscience.Q)we have Just started that Gallagher stages are in invariant order, what does this mean. Goldberg was Interested In how morality develop,that is at what age and in what order to children develop their understanding of right and wrong. Gallery argued that while different moral concepts appeared in different ages in different children,the order in which these concepts appeared was always the name across children,so every child who understood stage 2, moral principals had to first pass through stage 1 moral principals. His idea that moral concepts appeared In the same sequence In different children-l's the Idea of Invariant order that Is,the sequence, children always go stage 1 to 2 to stag e 3 and so forth,they do not skip stages or move through them in mixed up orders,not all children necessarily reach the highest stage,they might lack intellectual stimulation,but to the extent they do go through the stages,they proceed in order.

Circular Flow Essay

Some income is saved and saving represents leakage from the circular flow of income because its part of the income paid out by firms which does not return to them through spending of households. If you save, economy slows down as there’s less money in circular flow. So if Gov. takes money from economy in form of tax and doesn’t spend it, or if people buy more things from abroad than they export (foreign trade), economy slows down as money leaves circular flow. Leakages determine size of multiplier. Tax is leakage because they remove purchasing power from the system. Injection – in circular flow are I (investment – increase in capital stock), G (government spending) and X (exports) Export is injection as spending of foreign households on domestic produced output is an additional source of income. Increase in investment (machinery, building) may increase spending in an economy as well as productive capacity enabling economic growth. Firms contribute to expenditure when they buy investment goods and add to their productive capacity. Change in balance between investment + consumption activity has effect on LR path of economy. Government spends (inj) on G/S – provisioning public goods but to finance these they must raise revenue – tax (w/d) International Trade is important as part of expenditure on G/S is form of exports and part is by households on imports Injections increase circular flow and a change in any of these are magnified by multiplier. If injections > leakages, spending on goods and services will exceed planned level of production. Firms will expand output and national income will rise (economy grows). If leakages > injections, production will exceed the current level of expenditure. Firms therefore reduce output and national income will fall (economy contracts) Injections = leakages, national income won’t change ; National Income Equilibrium: where AD for G/S = AS produced Wealth effects: Wealth is sum of all assets in an economy. It is a stock concept whereas income is a flow concept. This means wealth doesnt have direct impact on circular flow of income but changes in wealth can effect income/ spending If you live in a property that increase in value, you may feel more confident about spending in the economy and your increased spending will then become part of circular flow of income. If houses become more expensive, one can go to their mortgage provider and request mortgage equity – taking loan based on increased wealth. When that loan is spend, circular flow increases. In contract, when capital markets take a downturn in USA, people living on pensions in UK might find that their incomes fall because dividends on pension funds are often based on capital gains of shares. In UK most wealth is held in form of housing (59%) in other major forms of wealth are stocks, shares, and capital assets Exam skills: Income is measured by real GDP. Wealth is stock concept. income is flow concept. Wealth in UK is 6. 5 trillion – 5x total income in economy. Most income in UK is help in form of housing (59%) Capital assets/stock in UK is about 2. 6 trillion – less than cost of maintaining all capital stock in current condition – cost known as depreciation. Consumption is not an injection. You cant argue that increase in house price (wealth) causes fall in AD because people dont have as much money to spend on other things. A mid market taxi firm. Scenario is a recession In a recession, or downturn in the economy, consumer confidence decreases because spending power has reduced. This wall cause those taxi users to switch to cheaper forms of transport e. g. public transport (buses) or trains. London already has a transport system of underground trains and buses so those middle class incomers may choose to switch to this. However there may be some users who have no other choice than to use a taxi so they have to pay extra Solution is to decrease prices in order to keep demand sustained so taxi users remain using taxis and not overcrowd the other forms of transport. Consumer behavior